Explora a filosofia que enfatiza a realidade como produto da mente, destacando pensadores como Kant, Fichte, Schelling e Hegel, que buscavam entender a relação entre sujeito e objeto.

The work "The Suffering of the World" comprises a selection of Arthur Schopenhauers later writings. These texts, produced in the last decades of Schopenhauers long life, reveal a unique type of philosophy expressed in a singular style. Avoiding the dry, all-encompassing academic philosophy tradition predominant at the time, Schopenhauers texts mark a shift towards a philosophy of aphorisms, fragments, anecdotes, and observations, written in a literary style that is at once antagonistic, resigned, confessional, and filled with fragile contours of intellectual memoirs. Here, Schopenhauer allows himself to pose challenging questions about the fate of humankind, the role of suffering in the world, and the gap between the self and the world that increasingly defines human existence to this day.More than ever, everyday discussions revolve around the influence of passions (or the unconscious, in contemporary language) in our lives: what is the root of depression, suicide, and panic disorder? Why do these issues appear more than ever nowadays? In other words, today it is acknowledged that there are non-rational instances that greatly influence our lives, and that somehow, we need to deal with them. Thus, Schopenhauers view of a being not strictly rational seems more relevant than ever. Schopenhauer consistently surprises the unsuspecting reader positively. He is a philosopher who undoubtedly deserves to be read.

In "The Mediaeval Mind (Vol. 1 & 2)," Henry Osborn Taylor embarks on a meticulous exploration of medieval thought, weaving together philosophical, theological, and sociopolitical dimensions that defined the era from the fall of the Roman Empire to the dawn of the Renaissance. TaylorAos literary style is characterized by a synthesis of scholarly rigor and engaging prose, providing readers with a comprehensive understanding of the complex interplay of cultural and intellectual currents of the Middle Ages. He examines key figures and movements, offering vivid insights that illuminate the often-misunderstood epoch as a vibrant period of transformation rather than mere stagnation. Henry Osborn Taylor, an esteemed scholar in early 20th-century American academia, was deeply influenced by the prevailing intellectual currents of his time, including the emergence of modern historiography and interdisciplinary studies. His extensive background in literature and philosophy, along with his travels through EuropeAos historical landscapes, undoubtedly informed his passion for uncovering the nuances of medieval thought and its lasting impact on contemporary society. Taylors commitment to academic excellence positions him as a significant intermediary between past and present. This two-volume work is essential for anyone seeking to gain a profound understanding of the medieval mindset, making it a compelling read for students, historians, and general readers alike. TaylorAos nuanced analysis not only enriches our comprehension of historical thought but also prompts reflection on the modern implications of medieval ideas, making it indispensable for those looking to deepen their engagement with the roots of Western civilization.

In "The Consolation of Philosophy," originally penned by Anicius Manlius Severinus Boethius in the early 6th century, the author merges philosophy with a poetic narrative style, reflecting the tensions of a world in crisis. Written while Boethius was imprisoned and awaiting execution, this text marvelously explores themes of fortune, happiness, and the transient nature of worldly power. Boethius employs a dialogue between himself and Lady Philosophy, who serves as his guide through an array of philosophical inquiries, ultimately asserting that true happiness lies in the pursuit of virtue rather than material wealth. Boethius, a Roman philosopher, statesman, and Christian thinker, drew upon a rich intellectual heritage, intertwining Platonic and Aristotelian elements with Christian ethos. His position in the tumultuous political landscape of the late Roman Empire, coupled with his personal misfortunes, deeply informed the poignant reflections found in this work. Boethiuss unique ability to articulate his despair and his quest for understanding resonates profoundly in both philosophical and theological discourse. "The Consolation of Philosophy" is an essential read for anyone seeking insight into the human condition, offering timeless wisdom that remains relevant in contemporary discussions of ethics and happiness. Its fusion of prose and verse invites readers to ponder lifes most pressing questions, making it a remarkable companion for both casual readers and serious scholars alike.

Dante Alighieri (1265-1321) escreveu importantes trabalhos teóricos que vão desde discussões de retórica a filosofia moral e pensamento político. Uma de suas obras mais relevantes é: Monarquia. A teo

O que nos atrai na Idade Média? Para além dos bestiários, lugares exóticos e tantos outros rótulos com grande sucesso atual nas mídias globalizantes, estes jovens medievalistas brasileiros buscam resgatar o homem medieval. Homens e mulheres que, quando nos so apresentados, recobram vida, uma vida plena de contradiçes que nos levam a pensar no quanto eram parecidos conosco. Dessa realidade cotidiana surge um universo hibrido, pouco convencional, distanciado dos modelos corteses de comportamento e dos dogmas previstos pela ortodoxia. Retrata bem uma aproximaço ao homem medieval verdadeiro, aquele que pensa, decide, transgride, vive em plenitude. IDADE MEDIA: Religio, Cultura e Politica e um livro que mostra a diversidade tematica da Idade Media, apresentando um panorama das pesquisas atuais sobre as sociedades medievais realizadas por alunos e professores de programas de pos-graduaço de Historia de Curitiba. Jovens pesquisadores que levam o conhecimento as geraçes atuais com paixo pelo conhecimento, seriedade cientifica e uma pitada de amor pela Historia. A leitura e um convite a uma viagem ao mundo real e fantastico das sociedades medievais.

Anicius Manlius Severinus BoethiusThe Consolation of Philosophy is a timeless philosophical work that offers solace and wisdom to individuals facing adversity. Written in the form of a dialogue between Boethius and Lady Philosophy, the book explores profound philosophical concepts such as the nature of happiness, the existence of God, and the problem of evil. Boethius literary style is both profound and eloquent, blending classical philosophical ideas with Christian theology. The Sedgefield translation captures the essence of the original Latin text, making it accessible to a modern audience while preserving its depth and richness. This work is a testament to the enduring power of philosophical inquiry and reflection. Boethius, a Roman statesman and philosopher, wrote The Consolation of Philosophy while imprisoned and awaiting execution. His personal experience of injustice and suffering undoubtedly influenced the themes and tone of the book, as he grappled with profound questions about the nature of human existence and the role of philosophy in times of despair. I recommend The Consolation of Philosophy to anyone seeking wisdom and comfort in the face of lifes challenges. Boethius insights are as relevant today as they were in the 6th century, offering a timeless perspective on the enduring questions of human existence.

"Metaphysik": In seiner Metaphysik argumentiert Aristoteles (gegen Platons Annahme von abstrakten Entitaten) zunachst dafur, dass die konkreten Einzeldinge (wie Sokrates) die Substanzen, d. h. das Grundlegende aller Wirklichkeit sind. Dies erganzt er um seine spatere Lehre, wonach die Substanz konkreter Einzeldinge ihre Form ist. "Nikomachische Ethik": Das Ziel des menschlichen Lebens, so Aristoteles in seiner Ethik, ist das gute Leben, das Gluck. Fur ein gluckliches Leben muss man Verstandestugenden und (durch Erziehung und Gewohnung) Charaktertugenden ausbilden, wozu ein entsprechender Umgang mit Begierden und Emotionen gehort. "Das Organon": Der Themenbereich Sprache, Logik und Wissen ist vor allem in den Schriften behandelt, die traditionell unter dem Titel Organon zusammengestellt sind. "Uber die Dichtkunst": In seiner Theorie der Dichtung behandelt Aristoteles insbesondere die Tragodie, deren Funktion aus seiner Sicht darin besteht, Furcht und Mitleid zu erregen, um beim Zuschauer eine Reinigung von diesen Emotionen zu bewirken (katharsis). "Die "Physik": Sie befasst sich mit der Erklarung und Erlauterung (Definition) einiger grundlegender Begriffe, die bei der Beschreibung von Naturvorgangen im taglichen Leben gebraucht werden. Die wichtigsten davon sind: Raum, Zeit, Bewegung und Ursache. Es handelt sich nicht um eine mathematische Darlegung der Grundzuge der Natur in heutigem Sinne.

In "St. Anselme: Collected Works," the theological and philosophical writings of St. Anselm of Canterbury are brought together in a remarkable anthology that showcases his pioneering ideas in medieval scholarship. Known for his clear and logical prose, Anselm employs a dialectical style that bridges faith and reason, contributing to the development of scholastic thought. This compilation includes his famous arguments for the existence of God, reflections on the nature of atonement, and the essence of truth, embodying the intellectual fervor of the 11th century and influencing generations of thinkers thereafter. St. Anselm, a Benedictine monk and later Archbishop of Canterbury, is revered not only for his theological insights but also for his role in addressing the complexities of faith through rational inquiry. Living during a time of considerable upheaval in both church and state, Anselms reflections were shaped by a deep commitment to understanding divine mysteries while engaging with contemporary philosophical questions, a duality that resonates throughout his collected works, marking him as a seminal figure in Christian theology. "St. Anselme: Collected Works" is an essential read for anyone seeking to delve into the foundations of Christian philosophy and theology. Through Anselms compelling arguments and profound insights, readers will find an invitation to explore the intersection of faith, reason, and existential inquiry, making this collection a significant contribution to both historical and contemporary discourse.

Dive into the astonishing world of political strategy with "The Prince", an extraordinary guide by Niccolo Machiavelli. This timeless treatise offers a straightforward, unfiltered approach to achieving and maintaining power. From the valiant victories of great leaders to the wicked ways of the worst, Machiavelli unveils the secrets of political success. Whether youre a student of history, an aspiring leader, or simply curious about the forces that shape our world, this book is a must-read. Celebrated and debated for centuries, "The Prince" stands as a testament to Machiavellis unparalleled insights into human nature and politics. Dont miss the chance to own this glorious piece of literary history. Order now and conquer the realm of power!

With A to Z Classics, discover or rediscover all the classics of literature.Contains Active Table of Contents (HTML) and in the end of book include a bonus link to the free audiobook.The Prince is the most controversial book about winning power - and holding on to it - ever written. Machiavellis tough-minded, pragmatic argument that sometimes it is necessary to abandon ethics to succeed made his name notorious. Yet his book has been read by strategists, politicians and business people ever since as the ultimate guide to realpolitik.How can a leader be strong and decisive, yet still inspire loyalty in his followers? How do you keep your enemies in check? Is it better to be feared than loved? When is it necessary to break the rules? This shrewd handbook on how power really works answers all these questions by examining regimes and their rulers around the world and throughout history, from Roman emperors to renaissance Popes, from the savagely cruel Hannibal to the utterly devious Cesare di Borgia.

Dive into the cunning world of political strategy with Niccolo Machiavellis seminal work, The Prince. This captivating eBook edition ushers you into the inner sanctums of power, as Machiavelli draws upon his wealth of experience to offer unflinching insights into leadership, statecraft, and power. With its shrewd advice and keen observations, The Prince has not only shaped political theory but has also left an indelible mark on culture and leadership practices across centuries.Why Choose The Prince? TIME-TESTED WISDOM: Since its publication in 1532, The Prince has been the go-to manual for leaders and aspiring politicians, renowned for its candid, at times controversial, wisdom. MASTER OF STRATEGY: Niccolo Machiavelli, a shrewd diplomat and political strategist, provides you with practical advice on leadership, warfare, and the acquisition of power. ENDURING RELEVANCE: The principles laid down in The Prince remain relevant to contemporary politics, business leadership, and strategy. BONUS MATERIAL: This eBook edition includes an insightful introduction to Machiavellis life and legacy, as well as an analysis of the historical context of Renaissance Italy. OPTIMIZED FOR KINDLE: Immerse yourself in Machiavellis astute observations with this Kindle-optimized version, complete with an interactive table of contents and high-resolution images.Whether you are an ambitious entrepreneur, a political science enthusiast, a business leader, or a history buff, The Prince is an essential read that will empower you to think strategically and navigate the treacherous waters of power.Seize the opportunity to equip yourself with centuries-old wisdom that continues to resonate with leaders and thinkers around the globe. Secure your copy of The Prince today!

Platón es uno de los filósofos más importantes de todos los tiempos y desarrolló sus doctrinas filosóficas mediante mitos y alegorías. El Mito de la Caverna es una de sus alegorías más conocidas y cuestiona la veracidad de nuestro conocimiento. Platon crea El Mito de la Caverna para mostrar en sentido figurativo que nos encontramos encadenados dentro de una caverna, desde que nacemos, y como las sombras que vemos reflejadas en la pared componen aquello que consideramos real. Segun Platon, la gente llega a sentirse comoda en su ignorancia y puede oponerse, incluso violentamente, a quienes intentan ayudarles a cambiar.

La obra Sobre la Vida Feliz surge de un diálogo ocurrido en ocasión de la celebración del cumpleaños de Agustín. En ella, el autor debate con algunos amigos sobre lo que en realidad sería una vida feliz. Partiendo de una vida virtuosa hasta llegar a una vida en plena union con Dios, Agustin nos muestra lo que, para el, constituiria una vida verdaderamente feliz.Esta obra se divide en cuatro capitulos. El primero lleva por titulo "Dedicacion a Manlio Teodoro", donde Agustin dedica esta obra a su amigo Teodoro y habla de las personas que se dedican a buscar la sabiduria; el segundo es "El problema de la felicidad", en el cual analiza de que dependemos para ser felices; el tercero es "La posesion de Dios como condicion de la felicidad", en este capitulo establece la relacion de que, para que el hombre sea feliz, necesita poseer a Dios; y el cuarto capitulo tiene por titulo "La felicidad es plenitud espiritual", donde Agustin examina si para ser feliz es necesario estar pleno de espiritu.

Sermón de la Montaña, de San Agustín de Hipona, es una de las interpretaciones más célebres y profundas del discurso de Jesús recogido en los capítulos 5 al 7 del Evangelio de Mateo. Escrita entre los años 393 y 394, esta obra constituye una meditacion teologica y moral sobre las Bienaventuranzas y los principios del Reino de Dios, vistos como el nucleo de la vida cristiana.San Agustin aborda el texto evangelico con una mirada que combina rigor teologico, sensibilidad pastoral y profundidad espiritual. Para el, el Sermon de la Montaña no es simplemente un conjunto de preceptos eticos, sino una guia interior hacia la perfeccion del amor, que transforma el corazon humano. Cada bienaventuranza representa un paso en el camino de la purificacion del alma, desde la humildad hasta la paz interior, culminando en la vision de Dios.El autor interpreta las palabras de Cristo como una sintesis de toda la doctrina cristiana, donde la Ley Antigua se cumple y se eleva en el amor. El Sermon revela el espiritu de la Ley, no su letra: no se trata solo de cumplir mandamientos externos, sino de alcanzar la conversion interior. Asi, San Agustin subraya que el cristiano verdadero no solo debe evitar el mal, sino ordenar sus afectos hacia el bien supremo, que es Dios.La obra tambien destaca por su estructura ordenada y su claridad argumentativa. San Agustin analiza versiculo por versiculo, explicando el sentido espiritual de expresiones como "Bienaventurados los pobres de espiritu" o "Amad a vuestros enemigos". A traves de esta exegesis, muestra como el sermon de Jesus es un retrato del alma transformada por la gracia y un modelo de vida para todo creyente. San Agustin de Hipona (354430) fue uno de los pensadores mas influyentes del cristianismo y de la filosofia occidental. Obispo, teologo y autor de obras fundamentales como Las Confesiones y La Ciudad de Dios, unio la herencia filosofica grecorromana con la fe cristiana, estableciendo las bases del pensamiento teologico medieval. En Sermon de la Montaña, su capacidad para unir razon y espiritualidad alcanza una expresion ejemplar: el texto no solo ilumina las palabras de Cristo, sino que invita al lector a vivirlas como camino de transformacion interior y comunion con Dios.

Confesiones de San Agustín es una profunda reflexión sobre la naturaleza del alma, la búsqueda de la verdad y el camino hacia la conversión espiritual. A través de un enfoque introspectivo, San Agustin examina su vida desde la niñez hasta su eventual conversion al cristianismo, explorando las luchas internas y los errores que marcaron su trayecto. La obra se presenta como un dialogo constante con Dios, en el que el autor revela sus pecados, pero tambien su deseo de redencion y de alcanzar una comprension mas profunda de la verdad divina.En sus paginas, Confesiones aborda cuestiones filosoficas y teologicas fundamentales, como la naturaleza del tiempo, la memoria y la gracia divina. San Agustin critica su vida anterior, dedicada a los placeres mundanos y al orgullo intelectual, y resalta la importancia de la humildad y la fe en el proceso de transformacion espiritual. La obra es considerada una de las primeras autobiografias de la historia y un testimonio personal de la lucha entre el bien y el mal en el alma humana. Desde su publicacion, Confesiones ha sido ampliamente estudiada por su contribucion a la filosofia cristiana y su influencia en el pensamiento occidental. La honestidad y la profundidad de San Agustin al explorar su interioridad han resonado con generaciones de lectores, inspirando a muchos a reflexionar sobre su propio camino espiritual. A traves de su busqueda incesante de la verdad, la obra ofrece una reflexion atemporal sobre la fe, el arrepentimiento y el anhelo de encontrar a Dios.

Saint Augustine is one of the most important Church Fathers. His writings influenced the development of Western philosophy and Christianity. He is recognized as a saint in the Catholic Church, the Eastern Orthodox Church, the Lutheran churches, and the Anglican Communion. Additionally, he is a preeminent Doctor of the Church and the patron of the Augustinians.Augustine was one of the most prolific Christian authors, with more than one hundred surviving works. Among his most renowned works are Confessions, a personal account of his earlier life, and The City of God, written to restore the confidence of his fellow Christians after the sack of Rome by the Visigoths in 410. On the Trinity, in which he developed the psychological analogy of the Trinity, is considered one of his masterpieces and arguably of more doctrinal importance than Confessions or The City of God. He also authored On Free Choice of the Will, addressing why God grants humans free will that can be used for evil.Divided into various sections, this monumental compilation offers insights into Augustines life, history of the period, his philosophy and reactions to heresy, as well as his influential theological contributions.The collection includes:BiographyEarly Works:Two Books of SoliloquiesOn the Profit of BelievingOn Faith and the CreedOn Christian DoctrineConfessionsOn the Catechising of the UninstructedOn the TrinityConcerning Faith of Things Not SeenTreatises on the Gospel of JohnHomilies on the First Epistle of JohnThe City of GodEnchiridion on Faith, Hope and LoveOn the Creed: A Sermon to CatechumensMoral Treatises:On LyingAgainst LyingOn the Work of MonksOn the Good of MarriageOf Holy VirginityOn the Good of WidowhoodOn PatienceOn ContinenceOn Care to Be Had for the DeadThe Anti-Donatist WritingsAnti-Pelagian WritingsTeachings:Expositions on the PsalmsOur Lords Sermon on the MountThe Harmony of the GospelsSermonsOn the Lords PrayerTe DeumLetters

A obra As Dores do Mundo compreende uma seleção dos últimos escritos de Arthur Schopenhauer. Esses textos, produzidos nas últimas décadas da longa vida de Schopenhauer, revelam um tipo único de filos

Aurélio Agostinho, o Santo Agostinho de Hipona foi um importante bispo cristão e teólogo. Foi um grande orador e professor de retórica, aos trinta anos de idade se converteu ao cristianismo e a parti

Las Obras de Averroes son una recopilación fundamental de textos que integran la tradición filosófica y teológica de la Edad Media, particularmente dentro del contexto islámico andalusí. Este compendio refleja un estilo literario caracterizado por un fino equilibrio entre la logica aristotelica y la interpretacion coranica, destacandose por su claridad y rigor argumentativo. La obra es un testimonio de la capacidad de Averroes para armonizar la razon filosofica con la fe religiosa, ofreciendo una profunda vision sobre la naturaleza de la realidad, el conocimiento y la etica. En este contexto, Averroes se muestra como un defensor de la filosofia y un critico agudo de las posiciones mas ortodoxas que consideraban incompatible la razon con la religion. Averroes, nacido en Cordoba en 1126, fue un filosofo, jurista y medico que se erigio como una de las figuras mas influyentes del pensamiento islamico y occidental. Bajo la tutela de un ambiente cultural vibrante y multilingue, Averroes desarrollo un interes por la obra de Aristoteles, cuyo pensamiento rescato y reinterpreto de manera que influyo significativamente en la escolastica medieval, especialmente en figuras como Tomas de Aquino. La presion religiosa y politica de su tiempo no impidio que Averroes produjera comentarios que desafiaron y enriquecieron el discurso filosofico contemporaneo. Recomendar las Obras de Averroes es, sin duda, invitar al lector a sumergirse en un texto esencial para el entendimiento del dialogo entre la fe y la razon, asi como sus contribuciones al pensamiento occidental. Este libro magnifica las raices de un debate filosofico que ha resonado a traves del tiempo, posicionando a Averroes como un pionero del pensamiento critico y un puente indispensable entre el pasado islamico y las corrientes filosoficas actuales. Es, por lo tanto, una obra indispensable para quienes buscan comprender la evolucion del pensamiento filosofico en un marco multicultural, asi como su persistente influencia en el desarrollo del pensamiento cientifico y humanista actual.