eBooks de filosofía, página 6 de 1282

A vida revela-se na própria vida.Não há como buscar fora o que está dentro de ti.Não há nada mais divino, mais sagrado que a própria vida. Tu és a revelação da divindade no universo, como é divina ca

This volume provides a comparative re-evaluation of central aspects of Kants and Cassirers philosophical systems. Instead of seeing Cassirer merely as the historian of Kants philosophy, or as eclectically introducing Kantian themes to his own philosophy of culture, the contributions collected in this volume advance a mutually illuminating account of Kant and Cassirer. This volume aims to foster philosophical discourse at a number of yet unexplored hermeneutic frontiers: from the status and the consistency of our cognitive activities to their relationship with the positive sciences, from the nature and value of moral agency to the political and institutional challenges of the contemporary world, and from the dialectic between knowledge and morality to the need of a comprehensive perspective on the whole of human practices. The research interests articulated in these essays thus revolve around three main axes. The first is devoted to Kants legacy and its presence and role in Cassirers philosophy; the second focuses on Cassirers own interpretation, appropriation and development of Kants critique of reason; the third consists in a philosophical confrontation between Kant and Cassirer connected by the idea that our reason shapes the world we live in, and that this formation process is premised on a moral standpoint.

El testamento intelectual de Bobbio y sus reflexiones en torno a la vejez.Desde su aparición en 1997, De senectute se ha consolidado como uno de los libros más lúcidos sobre la vejez.A través de una serie de reflexiones que recuerdan al ejercicio del pensamiento en voz alta, Norberto Bobbio habla de la fragilidad y la duda con una honestidad radical. Sus paginas ofrecen una meditacion sobre la experiencia de hacerse mayor, entendida como un periodo marcado por la melancolia y una nueva relacion con el tiempo en el que la memoria se superpone al presente y lo desbanca.Contra las inercias de las sociedades contemporaneas de glorificar la juventud, la velocidad y la productividad, el filosofo propone una etica del reconocimiento que entienda la vejez como parte legitima de la vida, con su propia dignidad y valor. No comparte la idea de que sea un tiempo de plenitud, sino que reconoce el papel central de la perdida; no obstante, esa misma perdida activa un tipo de clarividencia que solo es posible cuando se asume la perspectiva del final.

Este libro está dedicado a meditar las últimas palabras de Cristo en la cruz, tomando como base el Salmo 31 (30), que Él citó literalmente. Se trata de una continuación de la glosa y comentario sobre el Salmo 22 (21) realizados por el autor hace muchos años en otra obrita denominada El abandono final. Una meditacion teologica sobre la muerte cristiana (1999). Dicha continuacion no se hace con animo de dar por terminada esa meditacion, sino solo con el proposito de seguir profundizando en el misterio de la muerte del Señor como victoria sobre nuestra muerte. Esta dividido en dos partes, una glosa de la letra del Salmo, y un comentario que dirige la atencion sobre los detalles del acto redentor ejercido por Cristo en el Calvario a favor de todos los hombres. En este comentario se trata de ir fijando la mirada de la fe no tanto aunque tambien sobre el mas alla o mas aca de la muerte, que es lo usual, cuanto sobre el instante preciso de la misma. La propuesta central del libro intenta aclarar como la victoria de la cruz ofrece, en el momento de su muerte, a todos y cada uno de los hombres de toda raza, epoca y edad, incluidos los no nacidos, la oportunidad definitiva de entrar en la Iglesia Catolica, reconciliandose con Dios y con el projimo. Dicha victoria transforma nuestra muerte en un posible acto supremo de amor y de entrega donal, con consecuencias trascendentales para cada persona y para toda la historia de la humanidad. Como conclusion, dado que la muerte de Cristo es el acto divino-humano que lo reconcilia todo y lo merece todo, incluida la resurreccion, se añaden una recapitulacion de las sugerencias que derivan de ella para nuestra esperanza, y una breve apostilla para explicar el acuerdo de la propuesta referida con la doctrina de la Iglesia.

Não dá para entender o Ocidente sem conhecer suas heresias. Muito antes das ideologias modernas, foram erros de fé que corroeram instituições, remodelaram costumes, leis e até a psicologia do homem c

Access the entire corpus of Western philosophys founding father in a single comprehensive collection, spanning his early Socratic dialogues to his late metaphysical works. Readers can trace the evolution of Platos thought on justice, reality, art, and politics through the distinct phases of his literary career. This anthology provides the full context necessary to understand the depth and breadth of Platonic idealism and its massive footprint on history. It is an indispensable resource for witnessing the birth of critical thinking and the dialogue form.

Aristotle addresses the nature of logical fallacies and deceptive arguments used to mislead in debate. He categorizes these "sophisms" and provides methods for detecting and refuting them, emphasizing the importance of genuine reasoning over rhetorical trickery. The work serves as a manual for dialectic defense, equipping the reader to distinguish between valid proofs and apparent truths. It is an essential component of the Organon, refining the tools of logic and critical thinking.

Dive into a rigorous debate concerning the true nature of rhetoric and its place in civil society, as Socrates confronts one of the most famous sophists of his time. The dialogue relentlessly questions whether the art of persuasion is a noble pursuit or merely a tool for manipulation and flattery without regard for justice. Plato argues passionately for the health of the soul over the power of speech, suggesting that it is better to suffer wrong than to commit it. This work stands as a powerful critique of political corruption and the moral responsibilities of those who wield influence.

While awaiting execution in his prison cell, Socrates is visited by his friend Crito, who has arranged a safe escape. Socrates refuses to flee, engaging Crito in a dialogue about the nature of justice and the citizens obligation to the laws of the state. He argues that responding to injustice with further injustice is wrong, and that he must abide by the legal verdict of the city that raised him. It is a powerful examination of civil obedience and the social contract.

Plato records the defense speech given by Socrates at his trial, where he stands accused of corrupting the youth and impiety. Rather than begging for mercy, Socrates offers a spirited justification of his philosophical life, arguing that he is a "gadfly" sent to sting the state into awareness. He famously declares that "the unexamined life is not worth living," choosing death over silence. It is a foundational text of Western philosophy, portraying the dignity of a thinker facing unjust persecution.

Venture into a grand cosmological myth that seeks to explain the creation of the universe by a divine craftsman. This influential dialogue describes the physical world as a mathematical ordering of the elements, bridging the gap between the eternal Forms and the material realm. It discusses the nature of time, space, and the human body, influencing scientific and theological thought for millennia. The text offers a unique vision of a rational universe designed with purpose and beauty.

Follow the famous geometrical demonstration with an enslaved boy as Socrates attempts to prove that learning is actually a form of recollection from a previous existence. This dialogue addresses the paradox of inquiry, asking how one can search for something they do not already know, while simultaneously exploring whether virtue can be taught. It bridges the gap between metaphysics and ethics, offering a glimpse into the theory of forms through practical application. The work remains essential for those interested in epistemology and the Socratic approach to education.

Encounter one of the most challenging and abstract of Platos works, featuring a rare instance where a young Socrates is put on the defensive by an elder philosopher. The dialogue rigorously critiques the Theory of Forms, raising logical difficulties that have puzzled scholars for centuries regarding the relationship between the one and the many. It is a mental workout that pushes dialectic to its limits, exploring the fundamental nature of reality and existence. This text is a crucial pivot point in Platonic thought, demonstrating the philosophers willingness to scrutinize his own most cherished doctrines.

Explore the sophistical traps laid by two brothers as they engage in a battle of wits against Socrates in this dialogue concerning the nature of wisdom and virtue. Plato masterfully dissects the logical fallacies employed by the Euthydemus and Dionysodorus, contrasting their eristic methods with true philosophical inquiry. As the conversation spirals into absurdity, the text serves as both a humorous critique of empty rhetoric and a serious examination of how language can be manipulated to obscure the truth. This enduring work challenges readers to distinguish between the appearance of knowledge and the rigorous pursuit of reality.

In this Socratic dialogue, the conversation centers on the definition of "sophrosyne," often translated as temperance or moderation. Socrates engages with a young man and his guardian to explore whether this virtue represents quietness, modesty, or self-knowledge. As with many early dialogues, the discussion ends in a state of aporia, or puzzlement, having dismantled all proposed definitions. It serves as an inquiry into the difficulty of defining ethical concepts and the nature of self-control.

Observe a clash of intellectual titans as Socrates faces off against a leading sophist to determine if political virtue can be taught to the youth of Athens. The dialogue is rich with dramatic irony and detailed character studies, contrasting the long-winded speeches of the sophist with the concise dialectic of the philosopher. It delves into the unity of the virtues and the role of pleasure in ethical decision-making, challenging the educational systems of the day. This vivid portrayal of 5th-century intellectual life questions the foundations of democracy and civic leadership.

Engage with the cornerstone of Western political philosophy, a sweeping inquiry into the nature of justice and the construction of an ideal city-state. Through the famous allegory of the cave and the concept of the philosopher-king, the text argues that the just soul and the just state are mirror images of one another. It covers an immense range of topics, including education, poetry, immortality, and the structure of reality. This monumental work challenges readers to imagine a society governed by reason and the Good.

Investigate the elusive nature of knowledge in a dialogue that rejects the definition of knowledge as mere perception or true belief. Socrates acts as a "midwife" to ideas, helping a brilliant young mathematician birth various theories only to test and discard them. The text is a masterpiece of epistemological inquiry, highlighting the distinction between the fluctuating world of the senses and the stability of truth. It remains a critical starting point for anyone asking what it means to truly know something.

Aristotle delves into the fundamental nature of reality, exploring concepts that go beyond the physical world. He investigates the principles of existence, the nature of substance, and the definition of the "unmoved mover" or first cause. This seminal text seeks to understand being qua being, distinguishing between potentiality and actuality in the structure of the universe. It serves as a foundational inquiry into ontology, shaping the course of Western philosophical thought for centuries.

The city-state is examined as the highest form of community, aimed at achieving the common good and enabling citizens to live virtuously. Aristotle compares various constitutions and forms of government, classifying them based on whether they serve the public interest or the rulers selfish desires. He discusses the role of the citizen, the nature of justice, and the importance of education in maintaining the stability of the state. This political treatise argues that man is by nature a political animal, destined to live in a structured society.