eBooks de filosofía, página 8 de 1273

"On the Nature of Things" is a first-century BC long didactic poem written in Latin as "De rerum natura" by the Roman poet and philosopher Lucretius that sets forth the physical theory of the Greek philosopher Epicurus. Epicurus taught that the world could be understood by reason and that religion only arouses unnecessary fear. Lucretius denounced popular beliefs in deities and supernatural creatures.The staying power of "On the Nature of Things" is unquestionable. The work has been, over the centuries, both widely influential on the greatest writers and widely reviled. Quickly dubbed atheistic by early Christian fathers, the book continued to provoke negative reactions from Catholic theologians for nearly a millennium.Rediscovered during the Renaissance, the work became an oft-quoted source of inspiration for figures as diverse as Giordano Bruno in Italy, Michel de Montaigne in France, and Edmund Spenser in England.

Thomas Hobbess political manifesto "Leviathan" (or, as it was originally titled: Leviathan or The Matter, Forme and Power of a Common-Wealth Ecclesiastical and Civil", 1651) holds that a commonwealth with a social contract is the ideal way to govern a body of people.Hobbes argues that a sovereign power is best equipped to maintain peace and civic unity and that each of the nations citizens buys into a social contract that allows the sovereign power to act on behalf of safety and public defence. The central image of the philosophy is a leviathan or sea monster, with a body made of human constituents and a head representing the sovereign leader. According to Hobbes, this philosophy is the best in order to avoid civil war and maintain a unified nation. The manifesto is broken up into four sections, which build on this central idea.

Stoic philosopher and tutor to the young emperor Nero, Seneca wrote moral dialogues - exercises in practical philosophy - on how to live in a troubled world. These essays are strikingly applicable today, as Seneca ranges widely across subjects such as the shortness of life, tranquility of mind, anger, mercy, happiness, and grief at the loss of a loved one. This superb volume offers the finest translation of Senecas dialogues and essays, capturing the full range of his philosophical interests. Senecas accessible, aphoristic style makes his writing especially attractive as an introduction to Stoic philosophy, and belies its reputation for austerity and dogmatism.

Solomon ibn Gabirol, also known as Avicebron, was a Spanish-Jewish poet and philosopher of the eleventh century and his major philosophical work is the "Fons Vitae," or "The Fountain of Life."In this text, Ibn Gabirol uses a Socratic dialog as a framework to discuss his theory of the First Cause. Written in Arabic, the Fons was translated into Latin in the 12th century, The work was attributed to Avicebron, who was not identified as Jewish but as Christian or possibly Muslim. One reason is that Ibn Gabirol does not reference the Tanakh or Talmud, as would be normal for a Jewish intellectual from this time and place. In addition, his neo-Platonic views seem to place him in a more Christian intellectual current. However, in 1846, a scholar named Solomon Munk announced that he had discovered that Avicebron was the same person as Ibn Gabirol.Ibn Gabirol is well known in the history of philosophy for the doctrine that all things including soul and intellectare comprised of matter and form (Universal Hylomorphism), and for his emphasis on Divine Will.

The first major work in the history of philosophy to bear the title Metaphysics was the treatise by Aristotle that we have come to know by that name. But Aristotle himself did not use that title or even describe his field of study as metaphysics; the name was evidently coined by the first century C.E. editor who assembled the treatise we know as Aristotles "Metaphysics" out of various smaller selections of Aristotles works. The title metaphysicsliterally, after the Physicsvery likely indicated the place the topics discussed therein were intended to occupy in the philosophical curriculum. They were to be studied after the treatises dealing with nature (ta phusika).Plato, in his theory of forms, separates the sensible world (appearances) of the intelligible world (ideas) and the intelligible world was the only reality, the foundation of all truth. But in Aristotles "Metaphysics", at the heart of his philosophy, such separation removes any intelligibility and meaning to the world. According to him, the intelligibility is present in every being and in every thing. The world consists of substances. The substance can be either matter or form, or a compound of both. The shape is that, in every being, is general, so intelligible. For example the shape of a dog is what is common to all dogs. The matter is what is special, so unknowable.There would be a hierarchy of beings, matter informally unknowable to the pure form perfectly intelligible (God). This hierarchy justifies what Aristotle calls slavery by nature...

Friedrich Nietzsche published "On the Genealogy of Morals" in 1887. This period of Nietzsches life is considered by many scholars to be his most productive and significant. "On the Genealogy of Morals"" was preceded in 1886 by "Beyond Good and Evil", and both texts are concerned with similar ideas involving the historically constructed nature of morality. Nietzsche challenged most of the main currents of philosophical thought in the 19th century and brazenly attacked many of the basic moral assumptions of his time. "On the Genealogy of Morals" is perhaps the most concise representation of his fully developed philosophy and is still highly influential in the 21st century."On the Genealogy of Morals" inaugurates Nietzsches genealogical critique (which is about something other than tracing family histories). The philosophical method of genealogy, for Nietzsche, problematizes fundamental assumptions about morality and moral theories through a careful differentiation between origin and purpose. In other words, morality is viewed not as an unassailable, static set of facts or as an ideal realm of transcendental essences. Instead, the meaning and value of morality emerge from a sequence of shifting contexts that reveal and obscure a long, complicated chain of nonlinear historical developments and blurred psychological states. For Nietzsche, the most prominent facts about morality are its contingency and its hidden though recognizable development.

Soon after the publication of the original Arabic version of "Spirits Rebellious" in 1908, considerable agitation developed. The book was burned publicly in Lebanon and Kahlil Gibran, the author, was forced for an exile. That is, mainly, due to the open question to authority that it contains. "Spirits Rebellious" contains three stories centering around man, religion, law and authority all of which do not just depict the society in the early 1900s but the themes are universal.There are many questions posed by Gibran in this book. His inquisitive thoughts are very provocative to the mind and conscience.Gibran shakes you out of the slumber of the societal norms and earthly laws that have held mankind in shackles and ignites your soul with his fire and his rebellion.

il Libero Pensiero non riconosce limiti; esso afferma la verita, non la sottrae allindagine; ammette i principii, non ha dogmi da imporre, non misteri da occultare, esso, ammettendo la perfettibilita in tutte cose, si inoltra con perseveranza nei segreti della natura, e qui asserisce che e provato, rigetta cio che e assurdo, discute cio che non lo e, ma non crea simboli ne fabbrica vincoli e a nessuno dice: credete! perche il Libero Pensiero rappresenta il progresso indefinito affermato dalla storia.Un saggio (pubblicato nel 1867 dalla Tipografia Claudiana a cura di Napoleon Roussel) sullAteismo Panteismo il Dubbio.

Most of Atkinsons works are manuals of practice rather than pure expositions of philosophy. Many of his books are concerned with the training of the mind, and one of the most typical of these is "Your Mind and How to Use It: A Manual of Practical Psychology", first published in 1911.William Walker Atkinson was one of the most prominent contributors to the literature of the New Thought movement, a non-denomination spiritual philosophy which developed in the late Nineteenth Century. Although he achieved eminence in a number of professions, Atkinson never sought personal publicity, and many of his numerous works were published under a variety of pseudonyms.

"On Generation and Corruption" (also known as "On Coming to Be and Passing Away") is a treatise by Aristotle. Like many of his texts, it is both scientific and philosophic (although not necessarily scientific in the modern sense). The philosophy, though, is essentially empirical; as in all Aristotles works, the deductions made about the unexperienced and unobservable are based on observations and real experiences. The question raised at the beginning of the text builds on an idea from Aristotles earlier work "The Physics". Namely, whether things come into being through causes, through some prime material, or whether everything is generated purely through "alteration." From this important work Aristotle gives us two of his most remembered contributions. First, the Four Causes and also the Four Elements (earth, wind, fire and water).Even the best of Aristotles scientific work has now only a historical interest. The abiding value of his treatises lis not in their particular scientific assertions but in their philosophical analyses of some of the concepts that pervade the physics of different erasconcepts such as place, time, causation, and determinism.

Written between 56 and 64 CE, "On Benefits" is a treatise addressed to Senecas close friend Aebutius Liberalis. The longest of Senecas works dealing with a single subject how to give and receive benefits and how to express gratitude appropriately "On Benefits" is the only complete work on what we now call gift exchange to survive from antiquity. Benefits were of great personal significance to Seneca, who remarked in one of his later letters that philosophy teaches, above all else, to owe and repay benefits well.Lucius Annaeus Seneca (4 BCE65 CE) was a Roman Stoic philosopher, dramatist, statesman, and advisor to the emperor Nero, all during the Silver Age of Latin literature.

Parue en 1782, "Les rêveries du promeneur solitaire" de Rousseau est une œuvre phare du Romantisme, à côté des "Souffrances du Jeune Werther" de Goethe. Le romantisme de Rousseau, à première vue bien

Publié en 1762, "Du contrat social ou Principes du droit politique" est l’exposé des principes politiques de Jean-Jacques Rousseau. À l’époque où il vivait, on croyait généralement que la souverainet

Em 2017, Michel Maffesoli foi um dos convidados do Instituto Ciência e Fé da PUCPR para o projeto Ciclo de Conferências, que teve como tema Uma ética paraos novos tempos. Pouco mais de um ano depois,

Em tempos em que transformamos a morte num tabu "melhor no falar dela, porque pode atrair!" este ensaio, perspicaz e provocador, da pensadora Scarlett Marton, nos recorda que este acontecimento no e um mero detalhe de nossa existencia. Trata-se da maior e mais definitiva ruptura. Para alguns o fim; para outros uma passagem; para outros, ainda, uma chance de recomeçar. Assunto comum as religies, amorte no e um tema menos importante para a Filosofia, para a Literatura, para a Psicanalise, para a Historia, para as Ciencias Naturais. Ao lado da pergunta pela origem, ela se apresenta como o mais profundo misterio humano. E frente a isso que se mostra, pelo menos por enquanto, como nosso destino irremediavel, talvez tenha chegado o momento de retornarmos a sabedoria do antigos Gregos, que com seu exercicio da melete thanatou tornavam a morte algo familiar. Depois disso ento, poderemos, como Seneca em sua carta 12, afirmar que uma vida inteira deve caber num dia: "No momento de dormir, digamos com alegria e como semblante risonho: eu vivi".

Enter the world of Ralph Waldo Emerson, where profound ideas and timeless wisdom converge. This remarkable anthology brings together his most celebrated essays, offering a journey into the heart of individuality, nature, spirituality, and the deeper truths of human experience. With each page, Emersons insights invite reflection, challenge assumptions, and inspire a richer understanding of life. In History, Emerson reflects on the lessons of the past, urging us to draw wisdom from the forces that shape civilizations. His bold manifesto, Self-Reliance, calls us to trust ourselves and embrace personal independence with courage and conviction. In Compensation, he unpacks the moral balance of life, revealing the justice inherent in the universe. His exploration of Spiritual Laws connects the seen and unseen, offering insights into the universal truths that govern existence. Emersons essays on Love and Friendship celebrate the relationships that define and enrich us, written with poetic depth and tenderness. Prudence and Heroism guide us toward living wisely and courageously, while The Over-Soul reveals the divine spirit that unites all life. In Circles, he explores the endless cycles of growth and renewal, while Intellect and Art illuminate the nature of thought and creativity. Through The Poet, Emerson elevates the role of the artist as a truth-teller and visionary, while Experience and Character examine how lifes joys and challenges shape who we are. His reflections on Manners and Gifts remind us of the power of kindness and generosity, while Nature celebrates the beauty and wonder of the world around us. In Politics, Emerson addresses the complexities of governance and the tension between ideals and reality. Nominalist and Realist dives into the philosophical interplay between perception and truth. His critique of New England Reformers sheds light on the social and religious movements of his era, and his profiles in Representative Men honor the virtues of historical figures whose lives embodied universal ideals. His observations on English Traits reveal sharp cultural insights, while The Conduct of Life serves as a practical guide for navigating lifes complexities with purpose and integrity.Emersons timeless ideas resonate deeply, offering clarity and inspiration for anyone seeking meaning and truth in an ever-changing world. His essays challenge us to think deeply, act boldly, and live authentically. Whether you are revisiting his works or discovering them for the first time, The Ralph Waldo Emerson Collection is a treasure trove of profound insights and lyrical beauty. Let Emersons words awaken your spirit, enrich your soul, and guide you toward a life of purpose and transcendence. Published by Blackmore Dennett, this essential collection is a must-have for lovers of literature, philosophy, and the enduring pursuit of truth.

A Mensagem lançada por Silo em julho de 2002 consta de três partes: o Livro, a Experiência e o Caminho.O Livro é conhecido já faz tempo como O Olhar Interior.A Experiência está proposta através de oi

(...) As pessoas têm uma visão muito distorcida da ciência, da religião e da relação entre ambas. Elas imediatamente colocam ciência e fé como antípodas em confronto constante. Minha visão é um pouco

Em junho de 2013 o Brasil surpreendeu-se com protestos públicos em série que tomaram as ruas e as praças das metrópoles e cidades de médio e pequeno porte. A palavra de ordem era protestar, e os motivos para tais demonstraçes de desagrado frente a realidade eram multiplos embora fluissem conjuntamente para um unico dilema: as condicionantes historicamente estabelecidas que instruem a relaço entre o Estado e a sociedade civil. Nesse contexto, o objetivo deste livro e aprofundar as discusses sobre os protestos populares que ocorreram no Brasil em junho de 2013, conferindo destaque ao papel desempenhado pelas redes sociais digitais na mobilizaço coletiva e nas discusses sobre o que estava acontecendo. Tal proposta coloca em questo o papel da comunicaço, especialmente da comunicaço midiatica, como um instrumento fundamental no processo de (re)posicionamento dos individuos e de diferentes segmentos sociais frente aos governantes e os partidos politicos.

La presente riedizione e stata elaborata e digitalizzata sulla base delledizione dellopera pubblicata in Venezia nel 1851 dalla Tipografia GASPARI, opera attualmente custodita presso la HARVARD COLLEGE LIBRARY.Lautore del presente testo risulterebbe non noto. Nota originale dell editore: "Benche questo opuscolo sia cominciato da un pezzo, varie circostanze impedirono allautore di finirlo prima dora. Era pero sua intenzione di non darlo alla luce se qualcuno lo avesse prevenuto trattando questo argomento, ma nessuno lo ha fatto, e quindi egli lo pubblico. Lautore prese a scrivere questo libro seguendo leccitamento che il Pontefice indirizzava laltro anno al mondo cattolico nella sua Enciclica diretta agli arcivescovi e vescovi dellItalia, nella quale egli parla a lungo dei pericoli del comunismo, e dopo aver deplorato gli abusi della stampa,cosi ragiona. "Sara vostra cura, venerabili fratelli, per arrestare linfezione dei libri cattivi, che libri della stessa mole, scritti da uomini forniti di scienza sana e distinta, e previamente da voi approvati, siano pubblicati per ledificazione della fede e la salutare educazione del popolo" Lautore non presume certo di avere una scienza distinta, ma spera che il suo libro servira se non altro di sprone a quelli che ne sono forniti e che sanno scrivere tanto meglio e piu utilmente di lui."